gibber Latin · revision 6130

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Lucilius|origins=itc-pro *gīfri-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡɪb.bɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈd͡ʒib.ber]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gibber''' ''m'' (genitive gibberis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gīfri-|t=hump]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*geybʰ-|t=bent, crooked]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Nussbaum explains it as an abstract noun in *-ri- beside an adjective *gīfro- “hump-backed”.^(de Vaan 2008) Possible cognates are [[lt|geibùs|t=gawky, plump]], [[lt|geĩbti|t=to become weak]] and Norwegian dialect [[m|no|keiv|t=slanted; left hand]], but the meanings differ and de Vaan calls the etymology very uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Latin ⟨gibb-⟩ can continue *gīb-, an alternation found in many words for bodily defects.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a noun it meant a hump, as in Pliny the Elder and Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The adjective ''gibber'' meant hump-backed, of people, as Suetonius' description of the emperor Galba, of animals, as Varro's cattle that should not be hump-backed, and of things deformed by a swelling, as the tragic actors' mask with a raised head in Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Juvenal has the noun [[gibbus]] “hump”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a hunchback, or a swelling on the front of the body.^(DMLBS) [[en|gibbous]] comes from ''gibbus'', recorded about 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of hump-backed cattle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a hump.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''gibbous'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hump]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Humpbacked]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of things)'' Deformed by a swelling.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gibberōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gibbus]]

+ * [[en|gibbous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}