guttur Latin · revision 6129

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡʊt.tʊr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡut.tur]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''guttur''' ''n'' (genitive gutturis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is unknown.^(Wiktionary) Its r-stem is hard to explain from any known Proto-Indo-European type, and the geminate ⟨tt⟩ either marks an expressive word or continues *gūtur.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan notes that [[gula]], [[glūtiō|alt=glūt-]] and [[gurguliō]], also words for throat and swallowing, contain g(l)u-, and suggests it may belong to that family, which has no Proto-Indo-European etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Pokorny connected [[hit|kuttar-|t=strength; back of the neck]] and [[nds|koder|t=double chin]], which the OLD also compares.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, and notes that it was masculine from Naevius to Varro.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the throat and its passages, the gullet, often in poetry and in the plural.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It stood for the appetite, as Plautus' statue that would be a monument to someone's throat and Juvenal's example of great gluttony, for the crop of birds in Columella, and in Pliny the Elder for a swollen throat, a goitre.^(OLD 2012) In early Latin it was declined as a masculine, as ''gutturem'' in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says [[faux]] is the space inside the throat, while ''guttur'' is the throat itself.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Romanian ''gât'' “neck”.^(Wiktionary) Through a Vulgar Latin *gutturiōnem and Old Provençal ''goitron'' it is the source of French ''goitre'' and [[en|goitre]], recorded in the 1620s, and [[en|guttural]] was formed from it in the 1590s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it as a masculine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the appetite.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a goitre.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''guttural'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|throat]], [[m|en|gullet]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The appetite, [[m|en|gluttony]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The crop (of birds).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A swollen throat, [[m|en|goitre]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gutturnium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gula]]

+ * [[faux]]

+ * [[en|guttural]]

+ * [[en|goitre]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}