helvus Latin · revision 6128

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰelh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɛɫ.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛl.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''helvus''' (feminine helva, neuter helvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan derives it from [[itc-pro|*χeliwo-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵʰelh₃-i-wo-|t=yellow, green]], an i-stem adjective as in [[sa|हरि|tr=hári|t=yellow, greenish]], extended with *-wo- as in other colour words.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|χλωρός|tr=khlōrós|t=pale green]], [[lt|žel̃vas|t=greenish]] and [[goh|gelo|t=yellow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Leumann and Sihler reconstruct *ǵʰelswo-, and the OLD *ǵʰelwos.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Meiser and Rix suggest it was borrowed from a Sabellic dialect, since a native word should have ⟨u⟩ before velar /l/, and Wiktionary calls the etymology disputed.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro, who uses it of the colour of cows.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant dull yellow, dun, light bay, a colour of cattle that Festus places between red and white.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella uses it of a vine.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein groups it with [[gilvus]] as a faint reddish yellow like honey.^(Döderlein 1874) Its derivatives ''helvolus'' and ''helvius'' were names of a grape and wine.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a dull yellow, grey or brown.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the colour of cows.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd century AD – Festus defines the colour.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Dull yellow, [[m|en|dun]], light [[m|en|bay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[holus]]

+ * [[gilvus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}