collective English · revision 6121

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1425|origins=la colligere}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kəˈlek.tɪv/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|collectif]], and directly [[bor|la|collēctīvus]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|la|collēctus]], the past participle of [[m|la|colligere|t=to gather together]] (see [[collect]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|la|com-|t=together]] and [[m|la|legere|t=to gather]],^(Etymonline) from PIE [[ine-pro|*leǵ-|t=to collect, gather]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Comprehensive, representing many individuals: probably before 1425 in Barnhart, the early 15th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) In grammar, expressing a plurality under a singular form, it is from the mid-15th century, and a ''collective noun'' is recorded from the 1510s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Formed by the collection of individuals into a whole is from before 1600,^(OED 1989) and belonging to or done by a number of people jointly from about 1600 in Etymonline, 1650 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In diplomacy a ''collective note'', signed by the representatives of several states, is from 1863.^(OED 1989) [[collective bargaining|alt=Collective bargaining]] was coined in 1891 by the social reformer Beatrice Webb,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) the ''collective unconscious'' is C. G. Jung's term (1917),^(OED 1989) and ''collective security'' is first attested in 1934 in a speech by Winston Churchill.^(Etymonline) The noun meant a collective noun in the 1640s;^(Etymonline) as short for a Soviet [[collective farm]] it is from 1925, and collective farm itself is first attested in 1919 in translations of Lenin.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1425 – comprehensive.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1510s – collective noun.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1600 – exercised jointly.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1891 – collective bargaining, coined by Beatrice Webb.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1917 – collective unconscious.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1925 – a collective farm.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1934 – collective security.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Formed by gathering many into one whole.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # Of, by or shared by a number of people acting as a group: ''a collective decision''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Of a noun, singular in form but referring to a group, such as ''flock''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A business or farm owned and run by its workers, often under state supervision; a [[cooperative]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A collective noun.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[collectively]]

+ * [[collectiveness]]

+ * [[collectivism]]

+ * [[noncollective]]

+ * [[collectivise]]

+ * [[collectivize]]

+ * [[collective bargaining]]

+ * [[collective agreement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[collect]]

+ * [[collectible]]

+ * [[collection]]

+ * [[collectivity]]

+ * [[collector]]

+ * [[colleague]]

+ * [[legion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}