racial English · revision 6120

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1854}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈreɪ.ʃəl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[race#2]], a group of people of common descent, and the suffix [[-ial]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002) That race is [[bor|frm|race]], earlier rasse, from Italian [[m|it|razza|t=race, breed, lineage]], of uncertain origin.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Belonging to or characteristic of race: 1862 in the OED, Barnhart and Etymonline;^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) MWU dates its first known use to 1854.^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OED calls it a word of considerable frequency in the 20th century.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) Arising from or based on differences between racial groups, as in ''racial discrimination'' or ''racial tension'', is a common modern use.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) Barnhart dates the related [[racist]] to 1932 and [[racism]] to 1936.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1854 – first known use, according to MWU.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1862 – of race.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1932 – racist.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1936 – racism.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of, relating to or characteristic of [[race]] or races.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Arising from or based on differences between racial groups: ''racial discrimination''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[racially]]

+ * [[antiracial]]

+ * [[biracial]]

+ * [[interracial]]

+ * [[multiracial]]

+ * [[nonracial]]

+ * [[racialism]]

+ * [[racialize]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[antiracism]]

+ * [[antiracist]]

+ * [[race]]

+ * [[racism]]

+ * [[racist]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}