palea Latin · revision 6114

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *pelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.ɫe.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.le.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palea''' ''f'' (genitive paleae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*palejā-]], from [[ine-pro|*p(e)lh₁-|t=chaff]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It could be cognate with the stem *pelH-u- “chaff” in [[sa|पलाव|tr=palā́va|t=chaff]], [[lt|pẽlūs|t=chaff]] and [[cu|плѣвы|tr=plěvy|t=chaff]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Since chaff is what is threshed off, these words may be nouns from [[ine-pro|*pelh₁-|t=to swing]], as in [[grc|πάλλω|tr=pállō|t=to swing]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Isidore of Seville derived it from [[pāla]] “shovel”, with which grain was winnowed, from the goddess Pales, or from [[pābulum]].^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato, who lists chaff among the materials an owner must supply.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant chaff, the separated husks and straw of grain, usually in the plural or as a collective, and a single husk, as Virgil's empty husks tossed by the west wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Varro and Columella use it of the wattles of a cock, and perhaps of a dewlap, though de Vaan doubts this is the same word.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it stood for worthless things, the chaff as opposed to the grain.^(eLexicon Polonorum) It survives in Italian ''paglia'', French ''paille'' and Spanish ''paja'' “straw”.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''paillet'' it is the source of [[en|pallet]] “straw mattress”, recorded in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of chaff.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a cock's wattles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of husks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''pallet'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Chaff]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|husk]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The [[m|en|wattles]] of a cock.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[paleālis]]

+ * [[palear]]

+ * [[paleāris]]

+ * [[paleārium]]

+ * [[paleātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|pallet]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}