pluma Latin · revision 6112

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫuː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpluː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plūma''' ''f'' (genitive plūmae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably a noun in *-mo- from a verb, perhaps from a root [[ine-pro|*plew-|t=to swim, float]] or *plewk-, so that it could go back to *plewmo- “flying”, *plowsmo- “flying instrument” or *plowksmo-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) In view of [[prg|plauxdine|t=featherbed]] and [[lt|plùnksna|t=feather]], Walde and Hofmann and Ernout and Meillet favour a form with *-smo-.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL says the original form is unknown, so the origin is uncertain.^(TLL) Isidore of Seville explained it as *pilūma, from [[pilus]] “hair”.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a small soft feather, a feather, as Cicero's many-coloured feathers of a dove, the plumage of a bird, and a mass of plucked feathers, down, as Livy's cask filled with feathers.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''In plūmā dormīre'' “to sleep on feathers” was luxury in Juvenal.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein distinguishes [[penna]], a wing feather, from ''plūma'', soft down.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant a pen, and was proverbial for lightness.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''piuma''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|plume]] came through Old French in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a dove's feathers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a cask of feathers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''plume'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|feather]], soft feather.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|Plumage]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Feathers, [[m|en|down]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|pen]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēplūmis]]

+ * [[implūmis]]

+ * [[plūmācium]]

+ * [[plumalis]]

+ * [[plūmārius]]

+ * [[plūmātilis]]

+ * [[plūmeus]]

+ * [[plūmiger]]

+ * [[plūmipēs]]

+ * [[plūmō]]

+ * [[plūmōsus]]

+ * [[plūmula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pluō]]

+ * [[penna]]

+ * [[en|plume]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}