porca Latin · revision 6110

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *perḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɔr.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔr.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''porca''' ''f'' (genitive porcae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The ridge between furrows is [[inh|itc-pro|*pork-ā-|t=furrow]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pr̥ḱ-h₂-|t=furrow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cy|rhych|t=furrow]], [[xtg|rica|t=furrow]], [[goh|furuh|t=furrow]] and [[en|furrow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato, who prescribes ridges five feet wide.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the ridge of soil thrown up between two furrows, a balk, as in Cato and Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein distinguishes it from [[sulcus]], the furrow itself, and [[līra]], used for either.^(Döderlein 1874) In southern Spain it was a unit of land area, as Columella reports.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of ridges between furrows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a Spanish land measure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A ridge between two furrows, a [[m|en|balk]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A unit of land area in southern Spain.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imporciō]]

+ * [[porcilia]]

+ * [[porculētum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[porcus]]

+ * [[sulcus]]

+ * [[en|furrow]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is distinct from ''porca'' “sow”, the feminine of [[porcus]], used especially of a sacrificial victim, as the ''porca praecīdānea'' offered before the harvest.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}