disorder English · revision 6098

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1477|origins=la ōrdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /dɪˈsɔː.də/, US /dɪˈsɔːr.dɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is [[af|en|dis-|order]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline) replacing earlier disordeine (14th century), which was [[bor|fro|desordener|t=to throw into disorder]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline) from Medieval Latin [[m|la-med|disordināre]], from Latin [[m|la|dis-]] and [[m|la|ōrdināre|t=to order, regulate]] (see [[ordain]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|la|ōrdō|t=row, rank, arrangement]].^(Etymonline) The noun was formed from the verb on the pattern of French [[m|fr|désordre]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To throw into confusion: 1477 in the OED,^(OED 1989) in Caxton according to Etymonline;^(Etymonline) Barnhart dates it 1503.^(Barnhart 1988) The earlier disordeine is from about 1300 in Barnhart, the mid-14th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The noun meant a lack of regular arrangement in the 1520s^(Etymonline) (1530 in Palsgrave's ''Lesclarcissement'').^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) A tumult or breach of public order, a riot, is from 1532,^(OED 1989) and an irregularity of conduct, a misdemeanour, from 1581.^(OED 1989) Disturbance of mind is from 1595 but obsolete.^(OED 1989) A disturbance of the body or mind, an ailment, is by 1704,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) the sense in modern medical terms for illnesses.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) [[disorderly|alt=Disorderly]] is from the 17th century.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – disordeine, the earlier verb.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1477 – the verb disorder.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1530 – the noun, lack of order.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1532 – a public disturbance.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1704 – an ailment.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A lack of order or regular arrangement; [[confusion]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A disturbance of public order or peace.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An [[ailment]] that affects the working of the body or mind.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To throw into confusion or [[disarray]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To upset the normal physical or mental health of.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disorderly]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[order]]

+ * [[ordain]]

+ * [[inordinate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}