libet Latin · revision 6068

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *lewbʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈlɪ.bɛt]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.bet]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''libet''' (present infinitive libēre, perfect active libuit or libitus est, supine libitum); second conjugation, impersonal, optionally semi-deponent, no future active participle, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*luf-ē-|t=to desire]], [[inh|ine-pro|*lubʰ-éh₁-|t=to please]], from the root [[ine-pro|*lewbʰ-|t=to love, desire]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The older form [[lubet]] shows the original /u/, which was unrounded between a velar /l/ and /b/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Cognate with [[osc|loufir|t=or]], [[sa|लुभ्यति|tr=lubhyati|t=desires]], [[cu|любъ|tr=ljubŭ|t=dear]], [[got|𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃|tr=liufs|t=dear]] and [[en|love]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan compares the sense of Oscan “or” and Latin [[m|la|-libet|t=any]] with [[cu|любо|tr=ljubo|t=or]], from “one wants”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose Jupiter changes his shape whenever he likes.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was impersonal: it pleases, one feels like, with a dative of the person, ''libet mihi'' “I want”, alone, with an infinitive, or with a neuter pronoun, ''dīc quod libet'' “say what you please”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the phrase ''quī libet'' it meant “any you please”, and it fused into indefinite pronouns such as [[quīlibet]] and [[uterlibet]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Its perfect was ''libuit'' or ''libitum est''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From the same verb come [[libēns]] “willing”, and [[libīdō]] “desire, lust”, whose suffix was influenced by [[cupīdō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ [[en|libido]] was borrowed from ''libīdō'' in 1892.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it with an infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero says he does not feel like fleeing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1892 – English ''libido'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(impersonal)'' It [[m|en|pleases]], one feels like, wants.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with infinitive)'' One wants to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with a relative)'' Whatever one pleases.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''quī libet'': any you like, whatever.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lubet]]

+ * [[en|love]]

+ * [[en|libido]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}