aries Latin · revision 6060

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁r-i-(e)t-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈa.ri.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.ri.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ariēs''' ''m'' (genitive arietis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ariēts]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁r-i-(e)t-|t=a domestic animal]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|erietu|t=ram (accusative)]], [[sga|heirp|t=she-goat, doe]] and [[grc|ἔριφος|tr=ériphos|t=kid]], and perhaps [[xcl|որոջ|tr=oroǰ|t=lamb]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan argues that the long /ē/ of the nominative was original, since *-iet- would otherwise have given *arīt-.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro reports that some derived it from [[āra]] “altar”, and Isidore of Seville from the Greek name of Mars or from the altars on which rams were sacrificed.^(Varro)^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a ram, the male sheep, and the sign of the zodiac Aries, as in Cicero's translation of Aratus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In war it was the battering ram, as Caesar and Cicero use it, and Caesar also used it of a prop or buttress for a bridge.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder names a large sea creature so.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In poetry it is sometimes scanned as two syllables, ''āriĕtis''.^(OLD 2012) The ''Appendix Probi'' corrects ''ariex'' to ''ariēs''.^(Appendix Probi)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was the ram and the zodiac sign, and in Poland a due paid in rams.^(DMLBS)^(eLexicon Polonorum) An older and a newer Proto-Romance form survive in Corsican and in Romanian ''arete'' “ram”.^(DÉRom) English has had ''Aries'' as the name of the constellation since late Old English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a ram.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the zodiac sign and of the battering ram.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of the battering ram.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – English ''Aries'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|ram]] (male sheep).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The zodiac sign [[m|en|Aries]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A large sea creature.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|battering ram]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A prop, buttress.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arietārius]]

+ * [[arietillus]]

+ * [[arietīnus]]

+ * [[arietō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arvix]]

+ * [[en|Aries]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}