temo Latin · revision 6014
16 Oct 2026, 04:32 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Ennius}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈteː.moː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛː.mo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''tēmō''' ''m'' (genitive tēmōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ Its origin is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008) Because of [[goh|dīhsala|t=pole]] and [[ang|þīxl|t=pole]], from Germanic *þenχslō-, Sommer reconstructed *tenksmō, and the OLD agrees.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Meiser posits *tenghsmō-, from [[ine-pro|*tengʰ-|t=to pull]], and Eichner *tensmō, from *tens- “to pull”; several Indo-European roots meaning “to pull” would fit the sounds.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis and Short connected [[texō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro derived it from [[teneō]], because it holds yoke and cart together.^(Varro)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius, who speaks of the Pole in the sky.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the pole or yoke beam of a cart, chariot or plough, as in Virgil and Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In astronomy it was the pole of the Wain, the constellation Ursa Major, as in Ennius, Cicero's Aratus and Ovid's Bootes.^(OLD 2012) Juvenal uses it of a chariot.^(Gaffiot 2016) Late Roman law had a different ''temō'', a tax paid instead of furnishing recruits.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it was also the tiller or helm of a ship, and it survives in [[fr|timon]], [[it|timone]] and [[es|timón]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of the Pole in the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a plough.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 438 AD – The Theodosian Code uses ''temō'' of a recruiting tax.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * Middle Ages – It is used of a ship's tiller.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The [[m|en|pole]] or beam of a cart, chariot or plough.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(astronomy)'' The pole of the Wain, Ursa Major.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|chariot]].^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The [[m|en|tiller]], helm.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[tendō]]
+ * [[teneō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}