tignum Latin · revision 6013

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɪŋ.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtiɲ.ɲum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tignum''' ''n'' (genitive tignī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*teg/k-no-|t=plank, timber]], probably from *tegno-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny derived it from *(s)teg- “stake”, cognate with [[goh|stehho|t=stake]] and [[ang|staca|t=stake]], which de Vaan finds unattractive because that root is not otherwise found in Italic.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) He prefers *(s)teg- “to cover”, the root of [[tēctum]] “roof” and [[tēgula]] “tile”, or perhaps *teḱ- “to fashion”.^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short connected [[texō]] and [[grc|τέκτων|tr=téktōn|t=carpenter]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates them to about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a piece of timber, a beam, board or plank, and collectively building timber, as Varro's carts that carry stones, planks and timber.^(OLD 2012) Caesar uses it of the beams of his Rhine bridge.^(Gaffiot 2016) In law it meant building materials in general.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says a ''tignum'' is a shorter, thicker beam, while [[trabs]] is a longer, narrower one; a raft is made of ''trabēs'', the woodwork of a building of ''tigna''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a timber plank, rafter or lath.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of the beams of his bridge.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|beam]], board, [[m|en|plank]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Building [[m|en|timber]]; building materials.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contignum]]

+ * [[tigillum]]

+ * [[tignārius]]

+ * [[contignō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tegō]]

+ * [[texō]]

+ * [[trabs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}