bustum Latin · revision 5978

16 Oct 2026, 04:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ūrō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbuːs.tũː], [ˈbʊs.tũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbus.tum]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''bū̆stum''' ''n'' (genitive bū̆stī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It was formed from the compounds of [[ūrō]] “to burn”, participle [[m|la|ustum]], by a false division: [[ambūrō]] “to burn around” was analysed as ⟨am-būrō⟩ instead of ⟨amb-ūrō⟩, giving a participle ⟨am-bustum⟩ and a base ''bustum''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The same false division gave [[combūrō]] “to burn up”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) The original sense would have been “place where things are burned around”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler's first source is the Twelve Tables, about 450 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the place where a body was burned and buried, a funeral pyre, the ashes of a cremated body, and then a grave mound or tomb, as Plautus' joke that a man lies not at the tomb of Achilles but on a couch.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero calls Piso the ''bustum reī pūblicae'', the tomb of the republic, and in Statius it means a body awaiting burial.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it meant a funeral pyre, a barrow, a grave.^(DMLBS) Köbler traces [[it|busto]] “bust”, from the portrait of the dead on the tomb, to it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of the tomb of Achilles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls Piso the tomb of the republic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A funeral [[m|en|pyre]]; the ashes of a cremated body.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A grave mound, [[m|en|tomb]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A destroyer, ruin (of persons or places).^(OLD 2012)
+ # A body awaiting burial, a [[m|en|corpse]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[bustirapus]]
+ * [[bustualis]]
+ * [[bustuārius]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ūrō]]
+ * [[combūrō]]
+ * [[en|bust]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}