hirtus Latin · revision 5921

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Lucilius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhiːr.tʊs], [ˈhɪr.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈir.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hī̆rtus''' (feminine hī̆rta, neuter hī̆rtum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably from *herto-, with the dialectal raising of /e/ before /r/ and a consonant, and is connected with [[horreō]] “to bristle”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Wiktionary derives it from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰers-|t=to bristle]], but de Vaan notes that it is unclear how /s/ was lost from *ǵʰers-to-, so it may belong to the root without /s/, *ǵʰer-.^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) He also considers a stem *hi/erk- “rough-haired”, which would connect [[hircus]] “he-goat”.^(de Vaan 2008) [[hirsūtus]] “shaggy” is a near synonym.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius, who speaks of shaggy cattle.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant covered with hair or wool, hairy, shaggy, as Varro's shaggy sheep, and of plants rough or thickset, as Columella's hairy cucumber.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant rough, unpolished, as Horace's talent that is not shamefully rough, and Terentianus Maurus uses it of a rough sound.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it mostly post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says it and ''hirsūtus'' refer to what is covered with rough hair, while [[horridus]] is the most general word for what is rough and rugged.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius speaks of shaggy cattle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of shaggy sheep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of an unpolished talent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Hairy]], [[m|en|shaggy]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (Of plants) rough, hairy; thickset.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) Rough, unpolished.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hirtipilus]]

+ * [[hī̆rsūtus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreō]]

+ * [[hircus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}