pinso Latin · revision 5916

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peys-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpĩː.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpin.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pīnsō''' (present infinitive pīnsere, perfect active pīnsuī or pīnsī, supine pīnsum or pīnsitum or pī̆stum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pins-|t=to grind]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pi-n-s-|t=to grind]], a nasal present of the root [[ine-pro|*peys-|t=to crush]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|पिनष्टि|tr=pináṣṭi|t=crushes]], [[grc|πτίσσω|tr=ptíssō|t=to winnow, pound]] and [[lt|paisýti|t=to thresh]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[pīlum]] “pestle” probably comes from *pis-tlo-, as [[pistillum]] shows, and the javelin ''pīlum'' may be the same word.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose slave will be pounded with the whip.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to pound or crush in a mortar, as grain, and by transfer to beat, as in Plautus, and Ennius' men who beat the earth with their knees, and Persius' stork that pecks from behind.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) A first-conjugation ''pīnsāre'' and the form ''pīsere'' were also used, and Ennius has an imperfect ''pīnsibant''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Its descendants include [[es|pisar]] and [[ro|pisa]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of beating with a whip.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has men beating the earth with their knees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of pounding.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pound]], crush (in a mortar).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To beat, [[m|en|strike]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pinsitō]]

+ * [[pīsātiō]]

+ * [[pistrix]]

+ * [[pistūra]]

+ * [[expinsō]]

+ * [[pī̆stō]]

+ * [[pī̆stor]]

+ * [[pistrīna]]

+ * [[pistrīnum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pīla]]

+ * [[pīlum]]

+ * [[pīsō]]

+ * [[en|pestle]]

+ * [[en|piston]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}