palleo Latin · revision 5898

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpal.le.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpal.le.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palleō''' (present infinitive pallēre, perfect active palluī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a stative verb from [[itc-pro|*palwo-|t=pale, grey]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|pal̃vas|t=light yellow]], [[ru|половый|tr=polóvyj|t=pale yellow]], [[non|fǫlr|t=pale]] and [[goh|falo|t=faded]], all from *polu̯o-, which however would not explain Latin /a/.^(de Vaan 2008) Nussbaum separates the pale colour *pallo- from the dark *pollo- of [[pullus]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan considers a European loanword *palu̯o- “pale, grey”.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and Lewis and Short compare [[sa|पलित|tr=palitá|t=grey]] and [[grc|πελιτνός|tr=pelitnós|t=livid]], and the TLL notes that the double /l/ is not explained.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character is told “you are terribly pale”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be pale or bloodless from illness or strong emotion, as Cicero's man who sweats and turns pale and Ovid's veins pale from loss of blood, and so to be afraid, and transitively to fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant to be pale with care or ambition, or with toil at work, so that transitively it meant to toil over a study.^(Gaffiot 2016) Of colour it meant to be yellowish or greenish, as Columella's violet that is pale on the ground, and of light to be dim or faint.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus tells a character he is pale.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero describes a man sweating and pale.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of the colour of violets.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|pale]], bloodless (from illness or emotion).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be pale with fear, (transitive) to [[m|en|fear]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To have a pale yellowish or greenish colour.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (Of light) to be dim, faint.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pallidus]]

+ * [[pallor]]

+ * [[pallēscō]]

+ * [[pallēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pallidulus]]

+ * [[pullus]]

+ * [[en|pale]]

+ * [[en|pallor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}