cena Latin · revision 5893

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Carmen Saliare|origins=ine-pro *kert-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkeː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cēna''' ''f'' (genitive cēnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kert(e)snā-|t=meal]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kert-s-nh₂-|t=portion]], from the root [[ine-pro|*(s)kert-|t=to cut]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|kersnu|t=meal]] and [[xum|śesna|t=meal]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Festus reports an old form [[m|la|cēsnās]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The traditional derivation supposes a sense “cut part, portion”, then “meal”, which de Vaan finds unproblematic; the root may be an extension of the one in [[carō]] “meat”.^(de Vaan 2008) Schrijver instead linked it with [[Cerēs]], from a word for grain, which de Vaan does not find better.^(de Vaan 2008) The spellings [[m|la|coena]] and [[m|la|caena]] are not correct.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Carmen Saliare and Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the principal Roman meal, taken in early times about midday and later in the afternoon or evening, dinner or supper, as Plautus' man who will give no more dinners to parasites.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant a course of a dinner, as Petronius' boar, and the company at table.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian Latin ''cēna'' was the Last Supper, Maundy Thursday, which commemorated it, and the Eucharist.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its descendants include [[it|cena]], [[es|cena]] and [[ro|cină]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Archaic period – The Carmen Saliare has it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of giving dinners to parasites.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of a course.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Late Latin – It names the Last Supper.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Dinner]], supper, the main meal of the day.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A course of a dinner.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The company at a dinner.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The Last [[m|en|Supper]], Maundy Thursday, the [[m|en|Eucharist]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cēnālis]]

+ * [[cēnāticus]]

+ * [[cēnula]]

+ * [[domicēnium]]

+ * [[antecēnium]]

+ * [[cēnāculum]]

+ * [[cēnō]]

+ * [[concēna]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cēnāculāria]]

+ * [[cēnāculārius]]

+ * [[cēnāculātus]]

+ * [[cēnātiō]]

+ * [[cēnātiuncula]]

+ * [[cēnātor]]

+ * [[cēnātōria]]

+ * [[cēnātōrium]]

+ * [[cēnātōrius]]

+ * [[cēnāturiō]]

+ * [[carō]]

+ * [[en|cenacle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}