Venus Latin · revision 5892

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *wenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛ.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Venus''' ''f'' (genitive Veneris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the noun [[m|la|venus|t=love, charm]] used as a name.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That noun is [[inh|itc-pro|*wenos-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*wénh₁-os|t=desire]], from the root [[ine-pro|*wenh₁-|t=to wish, love]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD calls the goddess a feminization of the neuter noun, which survives in [[veneror|alt=venerārī]].^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[sa|वनस्|tr=vánas|t=loveliness, desire]].^(Wiktionary) [[venia]] “favour, pardon” and [[vēnor]] “to hunt” are from the same root.^(de Vaan 2008) The dative [[osc|ϝενζηι|tr=venzēi]] is a borrowing from Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, and an inscription has a nominative ''Venos''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Venus was a goddess of Italian origin whom the Romans identified with Aphrodite, so goddess of sexual love and generation, and mother of Aeneas.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Her name was given to the planet Venus, ''stella Veneris'', and to the best throw at dice, when each of the four knucklebones showed a different face.^(OLD 2012) As a common noun ''venus'' meant the quality that attracts love, charm, as Plautus' house that smells of pure Venus, sexual love and its act, and a beloved person.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) The adjective [[venustus]] “charming” and the noun [[venustās]] “charm” are from it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ [[en|Venus]] came in late Old English, and the planet was named so from about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of charm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero names the planet Venus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|Venus]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Proper noun===

+ # [[m|en|Venus]], goddess of love, identified with Aphrodite.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The planet Venus.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(lowercase)'' [[m|en|Charm]], attractiveness; sexual love; a loved one.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[venerius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[venia]]

+ * [[vēnor]]

+ * [[veneror]]

+ * [[venustus]]

+ * [[en|venereal]]

+ * [[en|venerate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is unrelated to ''vēnus'', ''vēnum'' “sale”, found only in ''vēnum dare'' “to put up for sale” and ''vēnum īre'', the sources of [[vendō]] and [[vēneō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}