Ceres Latin · revision 5890
16 Oct 2026, 04:12 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ḱerh₃-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɛ.reːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.res]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''Cerēs''' ''f sg'' (genitive Cereris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kerēs]], an adjective [[ine-pro|*ḱerh₁/₃-ēs|t=with nourishment]] from a noun *ḱerh₁/₃-os “nourishment, grain”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xfa|ceres]], [[osc|kerrí|t=to Ceres]] and [[xum|Śerfe]], an Umbrian god.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Eichner explains the formation; de Vaan follows Hill in deriving it from the root *ḱerh₁/₃- “to feed” and in separating it from [[crēscō]] “to grow” and [[creō]], which belong to another root.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary and Etymonline still connect them through *ḱer- “to grow”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, who calls Proserpina the daughter of Ceres.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Ceres was the goddess of grain and fruits, mother of Proserpina, identified with Demeter, who in Virgil first taught mortals to plough.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) By metonymy her name meant grain, wheat, bread, as Ovid's land rich in Ceres.^(OLD 2012) Her festival was the ''Cereālia'' in April.^(Etymonline)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it still meant corn and harvest.^(DMLBS) The adjective [[cereālis]] gave [[en|cereal]], and the first asteroid, found in 1801, was named Ceres.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius names Ceres as Proserpina's mother.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil says Ceres taught men to plough.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1801 – The asteroid Ceres is discovered and named.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Proper noun===
+ # Ceres, goddess of [[m|en|grain]] and agriculture.^(OLD 2012)
+ # (metonymy) Grain, [[m|en|wheat]], bread.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cereālis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|cereal]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}