fio Latin · revision 5882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *bʰuH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfiː.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiː.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fīō''' (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, suppletive, semi-deponent, no future active participle, irregular long ī^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fwije/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰh₂u-ie/o-|t=to become]], a present of the root [[ine-pro|*bʰuH-|t=to grow, become]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|fiíet|t=they become]] and [[xum|fuia|t=may it be]], [[sga|biuu|t=I am]] and [[wlm|byðaf|t=I am]], and perhaps [[grc|φύομαι|tr=phúomai|t=to grow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The perfect [[fuī]], now attached to [[sum]], belongs to the same root.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the long /ī/ from a sequence *-u̯ie- in the third person forms, which then spread through the paradigm.^(de Vaan 2008) It was originally an active verb with the infinitive [[m|la|fīere]], which took the passive ending in [[m|la|fierī]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus, who has a nonce perfect ''fītum''.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260 to before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It served as the passive of [[faciō]] “to make, do”, so it meant to take place, happen, come about, to be made or produced, to be done, and to become.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The question ''quid fit?'' meant “how are things going?”, and it was used of the result of a calculation, as Plautus asks whether something taken from great wealth makes more or less.^(OLD 2012) Laws and agreements were said ''fierī'' when they were established.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The subjunctive ''fīat'' “let it be done”, used at the start of Medieval Latin proclamations and commands, became [[en|fiat]] in the 1630s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of events and of a sum that results.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the active infinitive ''fīere''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English ''fiat'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take place, [[m|en|happen]], occur, (with ''ut'') to come about that.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To result (from a calculation).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be made or produced; to be instituted, established (of laws and agreements).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be done, be prepared; to be given or made available.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|become]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfīō]]

+ * [[effīō]]

+ * [[interfīō]]

+ * [[superfīō]]

+ * [[tabefio]]

+ * [[benefio]]

+ * [[calefio]]

+ * [[candefio]]

+ * [[dēsuēfīō]]

+ * [[fabrefio]]

+ * [[labefīō]]

+ * [[liquefio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[faciō]]

+ * [[fuī]]

+ * [[en|fiat]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It has no perfect system of its own, ''factus sum'' supplies it.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}