patior Latin · revision 5880

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.ti.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpat.t͡si.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patior''' (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pat-i-]], of uncertain origin.^(de Vaan 2008) One proposal links it with [[grc|πῆμα|tr=pêma|t=suffering]] from *peh₁-mn̥, which would give a base *ph₁-t- and so ⟨pat-⟩, but de Vaan points out that ''patior'' cannot be a verb derived from a participle *ph₁-to- or an i-stem *ph₁-ti-, so the formation stays unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary takes it as a verb derived from [[itc-pro|*patos]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan also considers the root [[ine-pro|*pet-|t=to fly, fall]], with a sense “it befalls me”, hence “I experience”.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes that the comparison with Greek [[m|grc|πάσχω|tr=páskhō]], [[m|grc|πένθος|tr=pénthos]] had not been explained.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, who says that mortals must suffer many ills.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be subjected to something, to experience or undergo it, to suffer punishment, and in law to be subject to a legal process.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to bear or put up with something, to tolerate, and to allow or permit, as Cicero's ''nōn patiar'' “I will not allow it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts it with [[ferō]], which looks only at the burden, while ''patī'' and [[tolerō]] look at the mind of the person who bears it.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was used of the passion of Christ and of martyrdom, and in grammar of a passive meaning.^(eLexicon Polonorum)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius says mortals must suffer many ills.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''patientia''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of putting up with wrongs and of permitting.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To undergo, [[m|en|experience]]; to [[m|en|suffer]] (punishment).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' To be subject to (a legal process).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bear, put up with, [[m|en|endure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|allow]], permit.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To suffer the passion; to suffer martyrdom.^(eLexicon Polonorum)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compatior]]

+ * [[passibilis]]

+ * [[passiō]]

+ * [[passus]]

+ * [[patibilis]]

+ * [[patiēns]]

+ * [[perpetior]]

+ * [[praepatior]]

+ * [[prōpatior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[passīvus]]

+ * [[patientia]]

+ * [[petō]]

+ * [[en|passion]]

+ * [[en|patient]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is a deponent verb, but Naevius and Cicero's legal language have active forms such as ''patias'' and ''patiuntō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}