heres Latin · revision 5877

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰeh₁ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈheː.reːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛː.res]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hērēs''' ''m'' or f (genitive hērēdis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*χērēd-]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan follows Nussbaum, who explains it as a noun in *-ed- made from the adjective [[ine-pro|*ǵʰeh₁ro-|t=bereft, derelict]], the same as [[grc|χῆρος|tr=khêros|t=bereaved, empty]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|χήρα|tr=khḗra|t=widow]] and [[grc|χηρωσταί|tr=khērōstaí]], the kinsmen who divided the property of a man who died without sons.^(de Vaan 2008) Beekes had proposed a d-stem, and Dunkel returned to Prellwitz' compound with [[ine-pro|*h₁ed-|t=to eat]], “one who eats what has been left”, which de Vaan finds unconvincing.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012) The archaic accusative [[m|la|hērem]] follows the fifth declension.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables, and Naevius has the accusative ''hērem''.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables to about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the person who succeeds to the rights and liabilities of someone deceased, an heir, as Plautus' man who made him his heir when he died.^(OLD 2012) It was used of a successor to a throne, of a son seen as an heir, as Virgil's hopes of the heir Iulus, and of an owner of a thing by right of succession.^(OLD 2012) Cicero has ''hērēdem facere'' and ''scrībere'', to make or write someone one's heir.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a landed proprietor, a tenant by heritable tenure, and a minor entitled to a fief, and theologians called Christ the heir.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Through Anglo-French [[xno|heir]] it gave [[en|heir]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of making someone an heir.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil calls Iulus Aeneas' heir.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''heir'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|heir]], heiress; a successor to the property and obligations of someone deceased.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A successor (to a throne).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A son or child seen as an heir.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An owner by right of succession.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A landed proprietor; a [[m|en|tenant]] by heritable tenure.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cohērēs]]

+ * [[exhērēs]]

+ * [[hērēditās]]

+ * [[hērēdium]]

+ * [[subhērēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|heir]]

+ * [[en|heredity]]

+ * [[en|inherit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}