iecur Latin · revision 5861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *Hyékʷr̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjɛ.kʊr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjɛː.kur]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iecur''' ''n'' (genitive iecinoris or iecoris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*jekʷor]], oblique stem *jekʷen-, [[inh|ine-pro|*Hyékʷr̥|t=liver]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|यकृत्|tr=yákṛt]], [[ae|yākarə]], [[grc|ἧπαρ|tr=hêpar]], [[fa|جگر|tr=jegar]] and [[cu|икра|tr=ikra|t=roe]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The forms with ⟨io⟩, as [[m|la|iocineris]], appear in the long forms, before the stress, and de Vaan explains them as a sound change there.^(de Vaan 2008) The Appendix Probi corrects [[m|la|iocur]] to ''iecur''.^(Appendix Probi)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character complains that his liver is in torment.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the liver, which Cicero lists with the brain, heart and lungs as the seats of life, the liver of a victim inspected by the haruspices, and the liver as food, as Horace's liver of a white goose fattened on figs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poets made it the seat of the passions, of anger and of love.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The genitive was ''iecoris'' or ''iecinoris'', and ''iocineris''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was still the ordinary word for the liver.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of a tormented liver.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives a remedy for pains of the liver.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace makes the liver the seat of anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|liver]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The liver as food.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The liver as the seat of the passions.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iecinerōsus]]

+ * [[iecorālis]]

+ * [[iecorīnus]]

+ * [[iecoriticus]]

+ * [[iecorōsus]]

+ * [[iecusculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fīcātum]]

+ * [[en|hepatic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}