extend English · revision 5857

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1338|origins=la extendo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɪkˈstend/, /ekˈstend/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English extenden, [[bor|la|extendere|t=to stretch out, spread out; increase, prolong]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) probably influenced by Anglo-French and Old French estendre “to stretch out, increase” (modern French étendre),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from ex- “out” (see [[ex-]]) and tendere “to stretch”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from the PIE root [[ine-pro|*ten-|t=to stretch]].^(Etymonline) See [[tend]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To value or assess land, to calculate its extent for taxation: before 1338, in Mannyng's ''Chronicle'', in Barnhart; the early 14th century in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) This legal sense is now historical.^(SOED 2002)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To stretch out or lengthen is from 1387, in Trevisa,^(Barnhart 1988) and by the late 14th century the word also meant to lengthen in time and to straighten an arm or wing;^(Etymonline) the OED has laying out at full length from about 1386.^(OED 1989) To make longer or broader in space, and the intransitive sense, to cover an area, are from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) Hoad dates the senses “enlarge the scope of” and “hold out, offer” to the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986) To expand or become distended is from 1753.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Of a horse, to exert itself at full gallop is from 1727.^(OED 1989)^(AHD) ''Extension'' and ''extensive'' first had medical senses, swelling or distention, before 1400 and before 1425.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1338 – to value land for taxation.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1387 – to stretch out, lengthen.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * early 15th century – to cover an area.^(Etymonline)

+ * 16th century – to enlarge, to offer.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1727 – of a horse.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1753 – to expand.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[stretch]] out or straighten a limb.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To make longer or larger, in space or in time: ''extend a deadline''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To reach or continue to a certain point: ''the land extends five miles''.^(Collins 2023)^(AHD)

+ # To offer or give: ''extend a welcome''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To make wider in [[scope]] or application.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To make oneself work to full capacity.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extendibility]]

+ * [[extendability]]

+ * [[extendible]]

+ * [[coextend]]

+ * [[hyperextend]]

+ * [[overextend]]

+ * [[extender]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extensible]]

+ * [[extension]]

+ * [[extensive]]

+ * [[extent]]

+ * [[tend]]

+ * [[tension]]

+ * [[attend]]

+ * [[pretend]]

+ * [[intend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}