genetic English · revision 5855

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1831|origins=grc genesis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /dʒəˈnet.ɪk/, /dʒɪˈnet.ɪk/, US /dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It was formed in English from [[genesis]], on the pattern of pairs such as antithesis and antithetic,^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002)^(NODE 1998) or as if from Greek genetikós,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) the word was coined by Carlyle in 1831.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pertaining to origins: 1831, in Carlyle's essay on early German literature.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) ''Genetical'' had been used in this sense since the 1650s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Darwin used it in biology, in ''On the Origin of Species'' (1859), for what results from a common origin, as in genetic affinity.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) The modern sense, relating to genes or genetics, is from 1908 in Etymonline and the OED,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) after [[gene]] and [[genetics]]: genetics, first “the laws of origination” (1872), took the sense of the study of heredity in 1905, in a coinage of William Bateson.^(Barnhart 1988) In linguistics, genetic describes languages descended from a common ancestor.^(AHD) ''Geneticist'' is from 1913,^(Barnhart 1988) the genetic fallacy from 1934, and the genetic code is from the later 20th century.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1650s – ''genetical'', pertaining to origins.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1831 – genetic, in Carlyle.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1859 – resulting from common origin, in Darwin.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1872 – ''genetics'', laws of origination.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1905 – genetics, the study of heredity.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1908 – relating to genes.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1913 – ''geneticist''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to [[gene|alt=genes]] or to [[genetics]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Caused or affected by genes; inherited: ''a genetic disorder''.^(AHD)

+ # Relating to the origin or development of something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(linguistics)'' Relating to languages that descend from a common [[ancestor]].^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[genetically]]

+ * [[autogenetic]]

+ * [[congenetic]]

+ * [[cyanogenetic]]

+ * [[epigenetic]]

+ * [[exogenetic]]

+ * [[geneticist]]

+ * [[glycogenetic]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gene]]

+ * [[genetics]]

+ * [[genesis]]

+ * [[genus]]

+ * [[generate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}