tuba Latin · revision 5847

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtʊ.ba]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtuː.ba]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tuba''' ''f'' (genitive tubae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan notes that its meaning and form recall [[tībia]] “reed pipe; shinbone”, which may be cognate with [[grc|σίφων|tr=síphōn|t=tube]] and point to a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Lewis and Short connect [[tubus]] “tube”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore of Seville says the trumpet was invented by the Etruscans, quoting Virgil's Tyrrhenian trumpet.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a straight trumpet, as opposed to the curved [[cornū]], used to give military signals, as Ennius' trumpet that said ''taratantara'' with a terrible sound and Caesar's Vercingetorix who gave the signal by trumpet.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also blown at religious festivals, games and funerals, and figuratively it meant an instigator, as Cicero's trumpet of civil war, and lofty epic poetry in Martial.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius uses it of a pipe in a hydraulic machine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it was the trumpet of the Last Judgement.^(DMLBS) [[en|tuba]] came in 1852, through French, for a large, low brass instrument.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius' trumpet sounds ''taratantara''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar has Vercingetorix give the signal by trumpet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1852 – English ''tuba'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A straight [[m|en|trumpet]], especially a war trumpet.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (figurative) An instigator; lofty epic poetry.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A pipe in a hydraulic machine.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The trumpet of the Last Judgement.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tūbārius]]

+ * [[tubicen]]

+ * [[Tubilustrium,]]

+ * [[tubocantius]]

+ * [[tubula]]

+ * [[tubus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tībia]]

+ * [[en|tuba]]

+ * [[en|tube]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}