luxus Latin · revision 5841
16 Oct 2026, 04:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=Terence}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈluk.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''lū̆xus''' ''m'' (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ Its origin is disputed.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives the adjective [[m|la|luxus|t=dislocated]] from [[itc-pro|*lukso-]], [[ine-pro|*lug-so-|t=bent]], from the root of [[luctor]] “to wrestle”, and explains both the sense “sprained” and the noun “bending”, then “lack of restraint, excess”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD calls the noun “luxury” only sometimes identified with ''luxus'' “sprain”.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short connected it with [[polluceō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Terence has it of a young man ruined by luxury.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant soft or extravagant living, excess in eating and drinking, indulgence, then sumptuousness and opulence, as Virgil's banquets laid out with royal luxury.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The same form meant a sprain or dislocation in Cato and Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its derivative [[luxuria]] “luxuriance, excess” is probably built on an adjective *luxuros.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ French ''luxe'' gave [[en|luxe]] in the 1550s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a dislocation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence speaks of a youth ruined by luxury.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil describes banquets of royal luxury.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1550s – English ''luxe'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Extravagant living, excess, indulgence, [[m|en|luxury]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Sumptuousness, [[m|en|opulence]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|sprain]], dislocation.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[luxor]]
+ * [[lū̆xuria]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[luctor]]
+ * [[en|luxury]]
+ * [[en|luxe]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ The adjective ''luxus'' “dislocated”, as in Cato's ''luxum sī quod est'', is the same form.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}