uber Latin · revision 5837

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₁ówHdʰr̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈuː.bɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.ber]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūber''' ''n'' (genitive ūberis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ouþ-r-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁ówHdʰr̥|t=udder]], an r/n-stem with the /r/ carried into all cases.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|ऊधर्|tr=ū́dhar]], [[grc|οὖθαρ|tr=oûthar]], [[goh|ūtar]] and [[en|udder]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the vowel by the loss of the second laryngeal from an o-grade root.^(de Vaan 2008) The adjective ''ūber'' “fruitful” is from the noun.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a woman's breast as the source of milk, as Lucretius' child who seeks the breast in its sleep, and an animal's udder or teats, which Varro wants large in goats.^(OLD 2012) From there it came to mean rich soil, Virgil's land fertile in its richness, and abundant produce.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes [[mamma]], the visible breast, from ''ūber'', the breast filled with milk.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ The adjective ''ūber'' meant copious, abundant, rich, and of style rich and luxuriant; its noun [[ūbertās]] meant fertility.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin the “breasts of the north” were two mountains in the Caucasus.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius speaks of a child seeking the breast.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of goats' udders.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of rich soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A woman's [[m|en|breast]], teat.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An animal's [[m|en|udder]], (plural) dugs.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Richness of soil; fertile land.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Abundant produce, plenty.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Copious]], abundant, plentiful.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rich, valuable, (of style) rich, luxuriant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inūber]]

+ * [[ūberō]]

+ * [[ūbertās]]

+ * [[ūbertus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ūbertim]]

+ * [[ūbertō]]

+ * [[cāseus]]

+ * [[lac]]

+ * [[mulgeō]]

+ * [[mamma]]

+ * [[en|udder]]

+ * [[en|exuberant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}