funus Latin · revision 5835

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfuː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfuː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūnus''' ''n'' (genitive fūneris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fūnos]], of uncertain origin.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) A gloss has a form [[m|la|fonus]].^(de Vaan 2008) If it stands for *foinos, the word could come from [[ine-pro|*bʰeih₂-|t=to be afraid]], “fear”, then “mourning”, which de Vaan finds hardly compelling.^(de Vaan 2008) If [[m|la|fōnus]] is a rustic form of *founus, it could be *dʰe/ou-nes- “the passing away”, from [[ine-pro|*dʰew-|t=to pass away, die]], and Watkins compared [[hit|tuhhušzi|t=ends]], making it a closing ceremony.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Older dictionaries linked [[fūmus]] “smoke”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD and the TLL leave it unexplained.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Isidore of Seville derived it from the burning ropes, [[fūnis]], carried before the bier.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables, which forbid wailing at a funeral.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables to about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant funeral rites, a funeral, ''fūnus facere'' “to hold a funeral”, then a corpse, as Varro's houses full of the sick and of corpses, and death itself, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant destruction, ruin, a rare but classical use.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein distinguishes it, the carrying out of the corpse, from [[exsequiae]], the procession of mourners, and [[pompa]], the display.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables regulate mourning at a funeral.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of corpses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville derives it from ''fūnis''.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Funeral]] rites, a funeral.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A dead body, [[m|en|corpse]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Death]], (poetic) ruin, destruction.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fūnebris]]

+ * [[fūnerālis]]

+ * [[fūnerārius]]

+ * [[fūnereus]]

+ * [[fūnestus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|funeral]]

+ * [[en|funereal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}