calo Latin · revision 5828

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Forum inscription|origins=ine-pro *kelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calō''' (present infinitive calāre, supine calātum); first conjugation, no perfect stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kela-]], from the root [[ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|kařetu|t=let him call]], [[grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]] and [[ang|geholian|t=to obtain]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Schrijver explains the first conjugation from an old athematic present.^(de Vaan 2008) [[clāmō]] “to shout”, [[clārus]] “clear”, [[classis]] and [[concilium]] are from the same root.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The archaic inscription of the Forum cippus has ''kalatorem'', a herald; in literature de Vaan dates the verb from Varro.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to announce, proclaim, and to summon or convoke, but by the classical period it survived only in technical uses of religion and law.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The ''comitia calāta'' were assemblies called by the pontiffs, as Labeo explains in Gellius, and Varro and Macrobius say the pontiff ''called'' the number of days to the Nones on the first day of the month, which was therefore named [[kalendae]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ''Kalendae'' gave [[en|calends]] about 1200, and ''intercalāre'' “to proclaim an inserted day” gave [[en|intercalary]] in the 1610s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century BC – The Forum cippus names a ''kalator'', a herald.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro explains the calling of the Kalends.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius quotes Labeo on the ''comitia calāta''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English ''intercalary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|announce]], [[m|en|proclaim]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To summon, [[m|en|convoke]] (an assembly), ''comitia calāta'', assemblies called by the pontiffs.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[calātiō]]

+ * [[calātor]]

+ * [[concalō]]

+ * [[intercalō]]

+ * [[kalendae]]

+ * [[procalō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clārus]]

+ * [[clāmō]]

+ * [[classis]]

+ * [[concilium]]

+ * [[en|calends]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Several other words share the spelling: ''calō, calāre'' “to let down, lower”, from [[grc|χαλάω|tr=khaláō|t=to slacken]], whose sense survives in [[it|calare]], ''cālō, cālōnis'' “soldier's servant”, of unknown origin; and ''cālō'' “wooden shoe”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}