liqueo Latin · revision 5825

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wleykʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈlɪ.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''liqueō''' (present infinitive liquēre, perfect active līquī or līcuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a stative verb [[inh|itc-pro|*(w)likw-ē-|t=to be liquid]], from [[ine-pro|*wleykʷ-|t=to make moist]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|fliuch|t=moist]], [[cy|gwlith|t=dew]] and [[txb|laikanatär|t=washes]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[liquor]] “fluid” and [[liquidus]] “liquid” belong to the same set, the deponent [[m|la|līquor|t=to melt]] continues the active verb, and the old nasal present survives in [[pollingō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose slave says whatever was doubtful before is now clear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its physical sense was to be liquid or molten, mostly in the participle ''liquēns'' “flowing”, as Varro's liquids and Virgil's flowing waves, and to be limpid or clear.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Most often it was impersonal, ''liquet'' “it is clear, evident”, as in Plautus and in the jurors' verdict ''nōn liquet'' “it is not clear”, which left a case undecided.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Liquet mihi'' with an infinitive meant “I see my way clear to”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''liquēre'' refers to the nature of a fluid, unlike ''fluere'' and ''mānāre''.^(Döderlein 1874) ''Liquidus'' gave [[en|liquid]] in the late 14th century, ''liquor'' gave [[en|liquor]] about 1200, and ''liquefacere'' gave [[en|liquefy]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus says everything is now clear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of liquids, ''rēs liquentēs''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the verdict ''nōn liquet''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''liquor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|liquid]], molten.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be limpid, clear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (impersonal) ''liquet'', it is clear, [[m|en|evident]], ''nōn liquet'', it is not proven.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''liquet mihi'', I see my way clear (to).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[liquefaciō]]

+ * [[liquefio]]

+ * [[liquēscō]]

+ * [[liquidus]]

+ * [[liquor]]

+ * [[liquēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[liquefactiō]]

+ * [[liquidē]]

+ * [[liquiditās]]

+ * [[liquidiusculus]]

+ * [[liquidō]]

+ * [[lixa]]

+ * [[pollingō]]

+ * [[en|liquid]]

+ * [[en|liquor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''fluere'' (to flow, of motion), ''mānāre'' (to flow out) and ''liquēre'' (to be fluid, of the nature of the substance).^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}