sospes Latin · revision 5820

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=compound|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔs.pɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔs.pes]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sospes''' (genitive sospitis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary follows de Vaan's tentative *swe-spat- “self-prospering”, a compound of the reflexive stem *swe- and the root of [[spēs]] “hope”.^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Meier-Brügger's link with [[sa|स्वस्ति|tr=svastí-|t=welfare]] and a compound like [[hospes]] is impossible for de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008) The old forms [[m|la|sispes]] and [[m|la|seispes]] are found in the cult title of Juno.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, who has seen a son alive, safe and sound.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant safe and sound, unscathed, as Plautus' ''vīvum, salvum et sospitem'' “alive, safe and sound” and his wish for a safe journey, mostly in poetry.^(OLD 2012) In early Latin it also meant “saviour”, as Ennius uses it, and Juno of Lanuvium was worshipped as ''Sospita'', the Saviour, spelled ''Seispita'' in inscriptions.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''salvus'' was the ordinary word and ''sospes'' the choice one for being safe from death.^(Döderlein 1874) Medieval writers also used it of being restored to health.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus sees a son alive, safe and sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a saviour.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it in poetry.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Safe and sound, [[m|en|unscathed]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (early Latin) Saving; a saviour, ''Iūnō Sospita'', Juno the Saviour.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Restored to health.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Sospita]]

+ * [[sospitās]]

+ * [[sospitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sē -]]

+ * [[spēs]]

+ * [[salvus]]

+ * [[incolumis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''salvus'' and ''sospes'' (safe, not killed) from ''incolumis'' and ''integer'' (unhurt, undamaged).^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}