expand English · revision 5813

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1422|origins=la expando}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɪkˈspænd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English expaunden, [[bor|xno|espaundre]] (Old French espandre “to spread, spill”) and directly [[bor|la|expandere|t=to spread out, unfold]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|ex-|t=out]] and [[m|la|pandere|t=to spread]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from a nasalized form of PIE [[ine-pro|*pete-|t=to spread]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) the root of [[fathom]].^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988) It is a doublet of [[spawn]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To spread out or open out: 1422 in Barnhart, 1432–50 in the OED.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To spread itself out or develop is from 1560.^(OED 1989) To increase in size or scope, of something immaterial, is from about 1645, and of a material object from 1665;^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) to swell or become larger in bulk is from 1807–26.^(OED 1989) To write out in full or develop a statement is from 1802,^(OED 1989) and to become communicative from 1823.^(OED 1989) ''Expanse'' is from 1667, in Milton's ''Paradise Lost'',^(Barnhart 1988) and ''expandable'' from 1926, in Fowler.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1422 – to spread out.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1560 – to unfold, develop.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1645 – to enlarge.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1667 – ''expanse''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1802 – to write out in full.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1823 – to become communicative.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make or become larger in [[size]], number or scope.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To spread or open out.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(expand on)'' To give more details about a subject.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To become relaxed and talkative.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' To write an expression as a [[sum]] of terms.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expandable]]

+ * [[expander]]

+ * [[expandability]]

+ * [[nonexpanded]]

+ * [[semiexpanded]]

+ * [[unexpanded]]

+ * [[companding]]

+ * [[nonexpanding]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[expanse]]

+ * [[expansible]]

+ * [[expansile]]

+ * [[expansive]]

+ * [[expansion]]

+ * [[expansionism]]

+ * [[spawn]]

+ * [[fathom]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}