terrorist English · revision 5803
16 Oct 2026, 03:56 by bogdan “en10k b0223: twelve … terrorist” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1795|origins=fr terroriste}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈtʰɛɹəɹɪst/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|fr|terroriste]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002) from [[la|terror]] and [[m|fr|-iste]] (see [[terror]] and [[-ist]]).^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A Jacobin or supporter of the Jacobins in the French Revolution, who used repression and violence: 1795 in the OED and Etymonline, while MWU has 1794.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)^(MWU 2024) It thus first meant state intimidation and government coercion by terror.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Someone who tries to spread alarm, in a disparaging sense, is from 1803.^(OED 1989) In politics it was used in 1819 of one who gained office by intimidating voters, and in the 19th century of insurrectionists in Hungary, Spain and Ireland and of labour unrest.^(Etymonline) Any person who tries to further their views by coercive intimidation is from 1866, first of revolutionaries in Russia trying to demoralize the Tsarist government.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) By 1921 it was used of Soviet government policies, and in the Second World War of the Maquis in French newspapers.^(Etymonline) ''Terroristic'' is from 1850.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1795 – a Jacobin.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1803 – an alarmist.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1819 – one who wins office by intimidation.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1850 – ''terroristic''.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1866 – a revolutionary using terror.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A person who uses violence and [[intimidation]], especially against civilians, for political ends.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of or relating to [[terrorism]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[terroristic]]
+ * [[antiterrorist]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[terror]]
+ * [[terrorize]]
+ * [[terrorism]]
+ * [[ecoterrorist]]
+ * [[terrible]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}