unguo Latin · revision 5794

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₃engʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈʊŋ.ɡʷoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuŋ.ɡʷo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''unguō''' (present infinitive unguere, perfect active ūnxī, supine ūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ongw-e-|t=to anoint]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃engʷ-e/o-|t=to anoint]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|umtu|t=let him anoint]], [[sa|अनक्ति|tr=anákti|t=anoints]], [[sga|imb|t=butter]] and [[goh|ancho|t=butter]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The form [[m|la|ungō]] is probably later, made after [[iungō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose old man anoints himself to please a girl.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Ennius has a greased ship gliding.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to smear with oil, grease or pitch, as Cato greases oxen's hooves, and to dress food with oil, as Persius' cabbages.^(OLD 2012) It was especially to anoint the body after the bath, as Terence's man coming anointed and washed from the baths and Cicero's “he was anointed, he took his place at table”.^(OLD 2012) Things were anointed for ritual, as the stones anointed with oil by the roadside in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was the anointing of kings, priests and the sick.^(Gaffiot 2016) Its derivatives gave [[en|unguent]], [[en|unction]] and [[en|unctuous]], and ''inunguere'' gave [[en|anoint]] through Old French ''enoindre''.^(Etymonline) Vulgar Latin *''unguimentum'' gave [[en|ointment]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has a greased ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus' old man anoints himself.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato greases oxen's hooves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''ointment'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''anoint'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To smear, [[m|en|grease]], oil.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dress (food) with oil.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|anoint]] (the body).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To anoint (objects) in ritual.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[unguentum]]

+ * [[ūnctiō]]

+ * [[inunguō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ōmentum]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[en|unguent]]

+ * [[en|unction]]

+ * [[en|anoint]]

+ * [[en|ointment]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis and Short and the OLD list it under ''ungō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}