condio Latin · revision 5769

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔn.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔn.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''condiō''' (present infinitive condīre, perfect active condīvī or condiī, supine condītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably derived from [[condō]] “to put away, store up”, used of storing food, remade as a fourth-conjugation verb by analogy with some other verb, which is not known.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary suggests it came through [[condus]] “storekeeper”, and the TLL compares both.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Lewis and Short think it began in the language of housekeeping.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose cook boasts that he does not season a dinner as other cooks do.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to season or flavour food and wine, and also to preserve, to pickle in vinegar, brine or spices, as Cato's recipes for olives.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero uses it of the Egyptians who embalm their dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it was to make pleasant, give zest to, as Cicero says two things season a speech, the charm of words and of rhythm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its noun [[condīmentum]] “seasoning, sauce” gave [[en|condiment]] through French in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|condire]] “to season”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has a cook boast of his seasoning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives a recipe for pickling olives.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of seasoning a speech and of the Egyptians embalming their dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''condiment'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|season]], flavour (food, wine).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|pickle]], preserve; to [[m|en|embalm]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # (figurative) To make pleasant, give zest to.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[condīmentum]]

+ * [[condītāneus]]

+ * [[condītārius]]

+ * [[condītūra]]

+ * [[praecondio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[- dō]]

+ * [[condō]]

+ * [[en|condiment]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}