convexus Latin · revision 5766

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔnˈwɛk.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koɱˈvɛk.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''convexus''' (feminine convexa, neuter convexum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan connects it with [[vehō]] “to carry”, so that [[convehō]] gave ''convexus'' “moving along (outwards)” and [[dēvexus]] “moving down, sloping”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD follows Walde and Hofmann in comparing [[sa|वञ्चति|tr=váñcati|t=goes crookedly]], which de Vaan rejects because that root had a nasal which could not have been lost in Latin.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cicero, whose ''Aratea'' speaks of the arching vault of the sky.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant curving outwards, arched or vaulted, and especially of the sky, ''convexa caelī'' “the vault of heaven”, as Lewis and Short quote a definition of the sky inclined on every side towards the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seen from inside the same shape was hollow, so it could also mean sunken or concave, as Virgil's hollow path of a wood and Pliny's valley.^(OLD 2012) Ovid uses it of curving horns.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval poets kept the neuter ''convexa'' for the vault of heaven.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|convesso]] and [[fr|convexe]], from which [[en|convex]] was borrowed in the 1570s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the arching vault of the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a hollow path.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1570s – English ''convex'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Curving outwards, [[m|en|arched]], [[m|en|convex]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hollowed, sunken, [[m|en|concave]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Curved, sloping.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''convexum'' (usually plural) A vault, especially the vault of heaven.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēvexus]]

+ * [[subvexus]]

+ * [[vehō]]

+ * [[vexō]]

+ * [[en|convex]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}