agriculture English · revision 5757

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1440|origins=la agricultura}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃə/, US /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|agricultūra|t=cultivation of land]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) probably influenced by French agriculture,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from the Latin phrase agrī cultūra, from [[m|la|agrī]], the genitive of [[m|la|ager|t=field]] (see [[acre]]), and [[m|la|cultūra|t=cultivation]] (see [[culture]]).^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) The ''i'' of the compound follows Latin agricola “farmer”.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Tillage or cultivation, about 1440 in a Middle English translation of Palladius on husbandry, where Etymonline says the first use is figurative, of God.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The science and practice of farming is from about 1600, 1603 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Agricultural'' and ''agriculturist'' are from the 18th century and ''agriculturalist'' from the 19th.^(Hoad 1986) Old English had expressed the idea with eorðtilþ, and Middle English with lond-tilling and husbonding.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1440 – tillage.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1603 – the science of farming.^(OED 1989)

+ * 18th century – ''agricultural''.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[science]], practice and business of [[farming]]: growing [[crop|alt=crops]] and raising [[livestock]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[agricultural]]

+ * [[agriculturally]]

+ * [[agribusiness]]

+ * [[permaculture]]

+ * [[preagriculture]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[agri-]]

+ * [[agriculturist]]

+ * [[agro-]]

+ * [[acre]]

+ * [[culture]]

+ * [[agrarian]]

+ * [[agronomy]]

+ * [[cultivate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}