fruor Latin · revision 5747

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰruHg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfru.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfruː.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fruor''' (present infinitive fruī, perfect active frūctus sum or fruitus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*frūg-je/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰruHg-ie/o-|t=to use]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The stem became *frūje-, *frūwe- and then /frue-/.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|frif|t=fruits]], [[osc|fruktatiuf|t=usufruct]], [[got|𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=brūkjan|t=to use]] and [[ang|brūcan|t=to use, enjoy]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The stem *frūg- appears in [[frūx]] “produce” and [[frūmentum]] “grain”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who uses it of enjoying a woman's nights.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first a legal term, to enjoy the produce or proceeds of property, often paired with [[ūtor]] “to use”, as Terence's small field and Cicero's farms enjoyed by a son.^(OLD 2012) From this it meant to profit by, to be blessed with something good, to delight in, and to enjoy the company of a person, as Cicero wishes he could enjoy such a son-in-law.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein separates ''ūtī'', the mere use of a thing, from ''fruī'', the enjoyment of its fruits.^(Döderlein 1874) Its participle [[frūctus]] gave [[en|fruit]] in the late 12th century, and Late Latin ''fruitiō'' gave [[en|fruition]] in the early 15th, ''ūsus frūctus'' gave [[en|usufruct]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of the produce of a field.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of enjoying a person's company.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 12th century – English ''fruit'' is recorded, from ''frūctus''.^(Etymonline)

+ * early 15th century – English ''fruition'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # (law) To enjoy the produce or proceeds (of).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To profit by, avail oneself of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be blessed with, [[m|en|enjoy]] (something good).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To delight in.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To enjoy the society of (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfruor]]

+ * [[frūctus]]

+ * [[fruitiō]]

+ * [[frūmen]]

+ * [[frūmentum]]

+ * [[frūx]]

+ * [[perfruor]]

+ * [[fruitō]]

+ * [[frūniscor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frūctēta]]

+ * [[frūctifer]]

+ * [[frūctificātiō]]

+ * [[frūctificō]]

+ * [[frūctuāria]]

+ * [[frūctuārius]]

+ * [[frūctum]]

+ * [[frūctuōsē]]

+ * [[frūctuōsus]]

+ * [[ūtor]]

+ * [[en|fruit]]

+ * [[en|fruition]]

+ * [[en|usufruct]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''ūtī'' (to use) and ''usurpāre'' (to use once) from ''fruī'' (to enjoy the fruits of) and ''fungī'' (to discharge a duty).^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}