fustis Latin · revision 5745

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfuːs.tɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfus.tis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūstis''' ''m'' (genitive fūstis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan connects it with the verb stem “to beat” seen in [[cōnfūtō]] “to check, refute”, from *fūt-ti-, with the suffix restored, and possibly with Germanic *būsk- “stick, bundle”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from the Twelve Tables, which fine anyone who breaks a free man's bone with hand or club.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates them about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a stick, a length of wood, as Varro's sticks for tying vines, and especially a club or cudgel as a weapon or for punishment, as Plautus' threats of beating and Cicero's cudgelling.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The ''fūstuārium'' was the military punishment of being beaten to death.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Döderlein says ''fūstis'' was a cudgel for striking, as opposed to ''scīpiō'' and ''baculum'' for walking.^(Döderlein 1874) Medieval writers used it for a tree trunk, a crutch and a bowstaff.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Old French ''fust'', [[fr|fût]] “cask, shaft”, and [[it|fusto]].^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables speak of breaking a bone with a club.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus threatens beatings with a stick.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of cudgels.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A stick, rod.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A club, [[m|en|cudgel]] (as a weapon or for punishment).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A tree trunk; a crutch.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fusticulus]]

+ * [[fūstīgō]]

+ * [[fustitudinus]]

+ * [[fustuarius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[baculum]]

+ * [[clāva]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes sticks for striking (''fūstis'', ''ferula''), for thrusting (''sudis'', ''rudis'') and for walking (''scīpiō'', ''baculum'').^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}