hedera Latin · revision 5733

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Laberius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɛ.dɛ.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛː.de.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hedera''' ''f'' (genitive hederae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Pokorny and Meiser derived it from the root *gʰed- “to grasp” of [[prehendō]], as “the clinging one”, through a stem *hedes-o-, and Festus explained that ivy holds fast to whatever it touches.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan finds this only a guess, since no s-stem of the root is known.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore said it was named because it clings to trees as it creeps.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Laberius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Laberius 106–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was ivy, as Cicero writes that ivy has covered everything and Catullus compares a bride's arms to clinging ivy round a tree.^(OLD 2012) Ivy was sacred to Bacchus and wound round the thyrsus, and garlands of it crowned poets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In inscriptions ivy-leaf signs divided words.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It was inherited by almost every Romance language: [[it|edera]], Old French ''ierre'', with the article fused in [[fr|lierre]], [[es|hiedra]] and Romanian ''iederă''.^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) Linnaeus made ''Hedera'' the name of the ivy genus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 106–43 BC – Laberius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes that ivy has covered everything.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus compares a bride to clinging ivy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Ivy]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) Ivy-leaf signs dividing words in inscriptions.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hederāceus]]

+ * [[hederatus]]

+ * [[hederiger]]

+ * [[hederōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prehendō]]

+ * [[thyrsus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore quotes Virgil's ivy among the victor's laurels.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}