mancus Latin · revision 5726

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmaŋ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmaŋ.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mancus''' (feminine manca, neuter mancum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[manus]] “hand” with a suffix /-ko-/, so “having a defect of the hand”, as [[peccō]] was explained from a *peccus with a bad foot.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan thinks it must contain the athematic stem *man- “hand”, with a shift from “handy” to “handicapped”.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary reconstructs [[ine-pro|*mh₂n-ko-|t=maimed in the hand]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, whose list “lame, blind, dumb, maimed, crippled” describes a useless servant.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant having a useless hand, maimed or crippled, and by transfer feeble, defective or incomplete, as Cicero says knowledge would be maimed and unfinished without action.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Livy uses it of a man maimed in battle.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In the Romance languages it came to mean “lacking”: [[it|manco]], [[es|manco]] “one-handed”, and [[fr|manquer]] “to lack”, from which [[en|manqué]] came.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) German ''Manko'' “deficit” comes from Italian.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus lists it with lame, blind and dumb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of maimed knowledge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Maimed (in the hand), [[m|en|crippled]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Feeble, defective, incomplete.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manus]]

+ * [[peccō]]

+ * [[claudus]]

+ * [[en|manqué]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}