landscape English · revision 5721

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1599|origins=dum landscap}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈlænd.skeɪp/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|nl|landschap|t=landscape]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) a painters' term,^(Etymonline) from [[m|dum|lantscap|t=region, tract of land]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|nl|land]] and -scap, equivalent to English [[-ship]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Trench 1859) It was first written landskip and lantskip, after the Dutch pronunciation.^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002) Old English had the cognate landscipe “region”, which did not survive into Middle English,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and German has Landschaft.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A picture of natural inland scenery: 1603 in the OED and Barnhart; a distant prospect or vista is from 1599 in the OED.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) Etymonline notes that in Dutch the term distinguished the scenery from the subject of a painting.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Inland scenery in general, painted or real, is from 1606,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) and a view of scenery that can be taken in at once from 1632, in Milton's ''L'Allegro'', 1725 in the OED.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) Trench noted that the early word meant the scene as a pictured model rather than the land itself.^(Trench 1859) The non-artistic sense, a tract of land with its characteristic features, is by 1886.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The verb, to represent in a landscape, is from 1661, and to lay out grounds with lawns and plants from 1916 in Etymonline, 1927 in the OED.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The landscape format of a page, wider than it is tall, is from 1932.^(OED 1989) ''Skyscape'' (1817) and ''townscape'' were formed on its model.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1599 – a vista.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1603 – a picture of scenery.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1606 – inland scenery.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1661 – the verb, to depict.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1886 – a tract of land.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1916 – to lay out grounds.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1932 – landscape format.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An area of land and its [[scenery]] as it can be seen.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A painting or photograph of natural scenery, or this kind of [[art]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The general situation in a field of activity: ''the political landscape''.^(Collins 2023)

+ # A page or picture format that is wider than it is tall.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To improve a piece of land by shaping it and planting [[tree|alt=trees]] and flowers.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[landscaper]]

+ * [[landscapist]]

+ * [[relandscape]]

+ * [[-scape]]

+ * [[landscape gardener]]

+ * [[landscape gardening]]

+ * [[landscape architect]]

+ * [[landscape architecture]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[land]]

+ * [[-ship]]

+ * [[seascape]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}