regard English · revision 5720

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1348|origins=fro regarder}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈɡɑːd/, US /rɪˈɡɑːrd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[bor|fro|regard]], from [[m|fro|regarder|t=to take notice of, look at, watch]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[m|fro|re-]], here probably intensive, and [[m|fro|garder|t=to look, heed, guard]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from a Germanic source (see [[guard]]).^(Etymonline) The verb was borrowed from Old French regarder about the same time.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) It is a doublet of [[reward]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Consideration, paying attention to something: 1348 in Barnhart, the mid-14th century in Etymonline; the verb, to consider, is also from about 1348.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ An aspect or look, and esteem or kindly feeling, are from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) ''As regard of'' is in Chaucer about 1390, and ''in regard to'' is from before 1438.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) The official inspection of a forest to find trespasses is a medieval legal sense.^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) The verb came to mean to look at about 1430 (1523 in the OED), to take into account in 1512–13, and to look upon with a certain feeling in the 1610s.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) ''In this regard'', in this respect, is first recorded in 1602.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) ''Regarding'' passed from a participle to a preposition in the 18th century.^(Hoad 1986) ''Regardless'' is from 1591, and as an adverb, “anyway”, from 1872, in Mark Twain's ''Roughing It''.^(Barnhart 1988) ''Regards'', good wishes in a letter, developed from the sense of kindly feeling.^(AHD)^(COED 2004)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1348 – consideration; to consider.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1380 – a look; esteem.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1390 – ''as regard of''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1430 – to look at.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1591 – ''regardless''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1602 – ''in this regard''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To think of or [[consider]] in a particular way: ''regarded as a hero''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To look at closely.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To hold in [[esteem]] or respect.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To concern or relate to.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[attention|alt=Attention]] or concern for something: ''without regard for safety''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # [[respect|alt=Respect]] or affection.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(regards)'' Good wishes.^(AHD)^(COED 2004)

+ # A point or particular: ''in this regard''.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[regardful]]

+ * [[disregard]]

+ * [[regardless]]

+ * [[self-regard]]

+ * [[self-regarding]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[reward]]

+ * [[guard]]

+ * [[ward]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}