pinus Latin · revision 5695

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pīnus''' ''f'' (genitive pīnūs or pīnī); variously declined, fourth declension, second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It may share a base with [[grc|πίναξ|tr=pínax|t=board, plank]] or come from the same root as [[grc|πίτυς|tr=pítus|t=pine]] and [[sq|pishë|t=pine]], perhaps a non-Indo-European tree name.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan finds a connection with [[pix]] “pitch”, from *pik-sno-, attractive, since pines are known for their resin, and Köbler also refers to ''pix''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Isidore derived it from an old word [[m|la|pinnum]] “sharp”, for its pointed needles.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Ennius, whose tall pines fall to the axe.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a pine tree of one kind or another, as Virgil's pine, the loveliest in gardens, and Horace's pine of Pontus, and also pine foliage and pinewood.^(OLD 2012) By metonymy it was a ship, as Virgil's nautical pine that will no longer trade goods, a mast, an oar, and a pinewood torch.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives in [[it|pino]], [[fr|pin]] and [[es|pino]], and [[en|pine]] goes back to Old English ''pīn'' and French ''pin''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Linnaeus made ''Pinus'' the name of the genus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of tall pines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of pinewood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pine]] tree; pine foliage; pinewood.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (by metonymy) A [[m|en|ship]]; a mast; an oar; a pinewood [[m|en|torch]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pīnaster]]

+ * [[pīnētum]]

+ * [[pīneus]]

+ * [[pīnifer]]

+ * [[pīniger]]

+ * [[pīnastellus]]

+ * [[pīnea]]

+ * [[pīneum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pix]]

+ * [[abiēs]]

+ * [[en|pine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is declined both in the fourth and the second declension: ''pīnūs'' and ''pīnī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}