ploro Latin · revision 5694

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫoː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈplɔː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plōrō''' (present infinitive plōrāre, perfect active plōrāvī, supine plōrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It has no etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Walde and Hofmann and Ernout and Meillet thought it possible that [[explōrō]] first meant “to scout the hunting ground by shouting”, as the ancients said.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Leumann, following Szemerényi, took it as a dissimilated *prōrāre, from [[prō]] and [[ōrō]], which de Vaan finds less likely.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short compared [[pluō]] “to rain”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables and Plautus, and a law ascribed to Servius Tullius, quoted by Festus, curses a son who beats his parent if the parent cries out.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It first meant to cry out, then to utter a cry of grief or pain, to weep aloud, wail or whine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Transitively it was to bewail or lament, as Horace's girl asking whether she is awake to weep over a shameful deed.^(OLD 2012) Caecilius uses it with [[implōrō]], “I beg, I wail, I implore”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''lacrimāre'' is to shed tears, ''flēre'' to weep, and ''plōrāre'' to wail aloud.^(Döderlein 1874) It replaced ''flēre'' in much of Romance: [[fr|pleurer]], [[es|llorar]], [[pt|chorar]].^(Wiktionary) Its compounds gave [[en|deplore]], [[en|implore]] and [[en|explore]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius pairs it with ''implōrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of lamenting a shameful deed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''implore'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cry out; to [[m|en|wail]], weep aloud.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To bewail, [[m|en|lament]], deplore.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[applōrō]]

+ * [[complōrō]]

+ * [[dēplōrō]]

+ * [[explōrō]]

+ * [[implōrō]]

+ * [[opplōrō]]

+ * [[plōrābilis]]

+ * [[plōrātillus]]

+ * [[plōrātiō]]

+ * [[plōrātor]]

+ * [[plōrātus]]

+ * [[replōrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fleō]]

+ * [[lacrimō]]

+ * [[en|deplore]]

+ * [[en|implore]]

+ * [[en|explore]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''lacrimāre'' (to shed tears), ''flēre'' (to weep) and ''plōrāre'' and ''ēiulāre'' (to cry and wail aloud).^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}