pullus Latin · revision 5693

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊl.lʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpul.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pullus''' ''m'' (genitive pullī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is disputed.^(Wiktionary) It may be [[inh|itc-pro|*polnos]], from [[ine-pro|*polH-on-|t=young animal]], cognate with [[grc|πῶλος|tr=pôlos|t=foal]], [[got|𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌰|tr=fula|t=foal]] and [[sq|pjellë|t=offspring]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The OLD derives it from *putslos and compares [[sa|पुत्र|tr=putrá-|t=son]] and Latin [[puer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Ennius and Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the young of an animal, a foal, as Varro's foals born of these horses, and especially a young bird, a chick or chicken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''pullārius'' kept the sacred chickens whose feeding gave the auspices.^(Gaffiot 2016) As a pet name it was used for a child, as Horace says a father calls a stunted son his chick, and of plants it was a young shoot, as Cato's suckers springing from the ground.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives in [[it|pollo]] and [[es|pollo]] “chicken”, and the feminine Vulgar Latin *''pulla'' gave French ''poule'' “hen”, the source of [[en|pullet]] and [[en|poultry]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Late Latin ''pullānus'' “young animal” gave French ''poulain'' “foal”, from whose diminutive came [[en|pony]] in the 1650s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato speaks of shoots springing from the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of foals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''pullet'' and ''poultry'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1650s – English ''pony'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The young of an animal; a [[m|en|foal]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A young bird, [[m|en|chick]], [[m|en|chicken]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # (term of endearment) A child, “chick”.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A young shoot, sprout.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pullārius]]

+ * [[pullastra]]

+ * [[pullīnus]]

+ * [[pullō]]

+ * [[pullulus]]

+ * [[pullitiēs]]

+ * [[pullicēnus]]

+ * [[pullum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[palleō]]

+ * [[puer]]

+ * [[gallīna]]

+ * [[en|pullet]]

+ * [[en|poultry]]

+ * [[en|pony]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Pullus, -a, -um'' is a different word, an adjective “drab, dark grey”, used of mourning clothes and of the dark volcanic soil of Campania, cognate with [[grc|πολιός|tr=poliós|t=grey]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}