spissus Latin · revision 5677

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈspɪs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈspis.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spissus''' (feminine spissa, neuter spissum, comparative spissior, superlative spississimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*spisso-]], perhaps [[ine-pro|*spid-to-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The likeliest cognates are [[grc|σπίδιος|tr=spídios|t=extensive, wide]] and [[grc|σπιδνός|tr=spidnós|t=dense]], while [[lt|spįsti|t=to swarm]] is further away in meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Like [[crassus]] and [[grossus]] it may have an expressive double consonant.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, Köbler from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Caecilius says Hope makes everything slow.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Caecilius 230/220–168 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was of progress, laborious and slow, as Caecilius' Hope that makes all things sluggish.^(OLD 2012) Of substances it meant dense, solid and compact, as Lucretius' things that seem hard and dense, and of things packed together close and thick, as thick sand, dense shade and a thick crowd; blows or kisses came thick and fast, as in Petronius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Döderlein says ''dēnsus'' and ''spissus'' are of things close to one another, while ''angustus'' and ''artus'' are of narrow space.^(Döderlein 1874) In Medieval Latin it meant “frequent”.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its sense developed in [[it|spesso]] “thick; often”, and Late Latin ''inspissāre'' gave [[en|inspissate]] in the 1620s.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius says Hope makes all things slow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius speaks of dense things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius speaks of thick-falling kisses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Laborious, slow, sluggish.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Dense]], solid, compact.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Close-packed, [[m|en|thick]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of blows, kisses) Thick and fast.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Frequent.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[spissigradus]]

+ * [[spissitās]]

+ * [[spissitūdō]]

+ * [[spissō]]

+ * [[conspissātiō]]

+ * [[conspissātus]]

+ * [[inspissātus]]

+ * [[spissāmentum]]

+ * [[spissātiō]]

+ * [[spissē]]

+ * [[spissescō]]

+ * [[subspissus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēnsus]]

+ * [[crassus]]

+ * [[en|inspissate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}