talus Latin · revision 5675

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtaː.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtaː.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tālus''' ''m'' (genitive tālī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*takslo-]], if the diminutive [[taxillus]] “small die” is old and not made after pairs like [[āla]] and [[axilla]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) A connection with [[cy|sawdl|t=heel]] and [[sga|sál|t=heel]] is difficult.^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short compared [[grc|τάσσω|tr=tássō|t=to arrange]], while Köbler and the OLD call the origin unclear.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Isidore derived it from [[m|la|tolus]], a round projection.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, whose character wants a man's ankles broken.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the ankle bone and the ankle, as Cicero's purple robe reaching down to the heels.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The knucklebones of sheep were used for gaming, marked on four sides, so ''tālī'' was the game of knucklebones, distinct from the six-sided dice, ''tesserae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Vulgar Latin *''tālō'' gave Old French ''talon'' “heel”, from which [[en|talon]] “claw” was borrowed about 1400, and anatomy took [[en|talus]] in the 1690s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of breaking someone's ankles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a robe reaching to the heels.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''talon'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1690s – English ''talus'' “ankle bone” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|ankle]] bone; the ankle; the heel.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A [[m|en|knucklebone]] used in games, (plural) the game of knucklebones.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tālāris]]

+ * [[tālārius]]

+ * [[tālipedō]]

+ * [[tālitrum]]

+ * [[tāxillus]]

+ * [[subtel]]

+ * [[tālō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tessera]]

+ * [[en|talon]]

+ * [[en|talus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Festus says ''Talus'' was used as a first name among the Sabines.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}